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11th
Armored Cavalry Regiment
Blackhorse
Looking for more information from military/civilian
personnel assigned to or associated with the U.S. Army
in Germany from 1945 to 1989. If you have any
stories or thoughts on the subject, please email me (webmaster).
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Regimental
History
(1957-1964)
Regimental History
(1972-19..)
1st Squadron
2nd Squadron
3rd Squadron
4th Squadron
CS Squadron
45th MI Det
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Worn 1957 - 1964
Worn 1972 - 1990's
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| Regimental
History |
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| 1957
- 1964 |
| (Source: 11th
Armored Cav, Germany, 1958 and 1959 Yearbooks) |
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GYROSCOPE
Part of
the enthusiasm that spurred the men on during the long hours of
summer training (at Fort Know, Kentucky) might have sprung from
the knowledge that the Regiment would be headed for Germany in March
of 1957.
On 19 May 1956, official word was received from the Department of
the Army stating that the 11th Armored Cavalry would Gyro to Getmany
to replace the 6th Armored
Cavalry Regiment.
Colonel Allen D. Hulse assumed command of the 11th Armored Cavalry
in July 1956 after having completed studies at the National War
College. It was his job to prepare the Regiment for its gyroscope
to Germany.
The 11th Cavalry completed its rugged training schedule on 9 February
1957 and was ready to move out. Shortly after the arrival of the
new year an Advance party composed of officers and enlisted men
departed for Germany. These men moved into key positions with the
6th A/C in Germany and observed procedures used by that unit and
the Seventh US Army so to make the changeover as smooth as possible.
On 3 and 4 March 1957, the Regiment moved out from Fort Knox in
two groups on the first leg of their journey. Arriving in New York
they left the Brooklyn Army Terminal on 4 and 5 March on board the
USNS's BUCKNER and GEIGER. Ten days later the Regiment
had returned to Germany for the second time in its history.
The 11th Cavalry Returns To Germany
In order to accomplish its mission more effectively
the Regiment was separated into three groups. The Regimental
Headquarters and 1st Battalion
were sent to the Bavarian town of Straubing (Mansfield Kaserne)
on the Danube. The 2nd Battalion
made its home in Landshut (Pinder Kaserne) some 35 miles Northeast
of the gay and beautiful city of Munich, while the 3rd
Battalion forming the Northern point of the "Iron Triangle"
placed its Headquarters in the imperial city of Regensburg (Fort
Skelly), the meeting place and governing center of Germany during
the Middle Ages.
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Soon
after arriving in Germany the Regiment added four separate
units to its ranks, and eliminated its medical detachment
and service company. The personnel and equipment of
the latter units were distributed throughout the three
battalions and the headquarters company. The 83rd
Army Band was added to the Regiment in Straubing,
and the 502nd Armored Medical Company
in Regensburg. Later the 619th Armored
Engineer Company joined the unit in Straubing,
and in August the 8th Ordnance Company
(DS). The addition of these units gave the
Regiment the fighting capabilities of a small armored
division.
In keeping with the Seventh Army policy of bringing
more direct control to lower echelon units, the Regiment
also gave more authority to its Battalions so to give
them a freer hand in carrying out their administrative
tasks more effectively.
With its arrival in Germany the 11th Cav immediately
took up Border operations and patrol along the German-Czech
border. The 11th Cav is a front line unit, its mission
-- to protect and guard the border against any Communist
aggression toward the West. Along with this the Regiment
forms a vital link in communications with other units
in the Seventh US Army and NATO Forces here in Europe.
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While in garrison
variety is the word that best describes the training in the 11th Cavalry.
Because of the amount of different type weapons, vehicles and other
equipment used by the unit, training is both interesting and extensive.
Inasmuch as the Regiment is completely motorized, preventive maintenance
takes up a large part of the days work schedule both in garrison and
in the field.
In addition to the Regiments border assignment and garrison duty,
a strenuous field program is carried out by the unit. The Battalions
are frequently on the move to the Seventh Army's training areas at
Grafenwohr, Vilseck and Hohenfels. All three of the howitzer companies
make use of the excellent ranges at Grafenwohr which are ideal for
artillery, while the tankers spend a part of their training at the
Seventh Army's Tank Training Course at Vilseck. At each of the training
areas the men are in the hands of the most capable and experienced
soldiers in the US Army.
One of the most interesting and exciting parts of the training program
is the Battalion Tests, which show to what degree the men and units
have responded to the years training cycle. The soldier and the unit
are tested on their reactions to combat situations, and the functioning
of the unit as a team. The tests last for a period of 72 hours in
which time the Battalion simulates actual war-time conditions. Both
the officers and men are constantly on the move throughout the three
day period, with sleep arid food taken whenever time permits. In the
course of the test every piece of equipment is put to maximum use,
and every man used to the utmost of his capabilities. Attacks with
infantry and armor, delays, and counter-attacks are the order of the
day. By the time the tests are over the men have had a first hand
account of what an actual battle will be like. The only difference
being that blank instead of live ammunition is used.
Aside from the tests the Battalions take part in a number of Field
Training Exercises (FTXs) and Command Post Exercises (CPXs) during
the training year. Also, each month one or more alerts are held in
which the entire unit moves out of garrison into prepared alert positions
in the field. The alert trains the men and the unit how and where
to move out quickly in case of enemy attack.
The 11th Cav has also taken part in almost every major field problem
held in Germany since its arrival. After just four days in Germany,
Headquarters and Headquarters Company moved out to the field to take
part in the NATO CPX, "Lion Noir." Not too long afterwards the Regiment
sent out a control group to take part in CPX "Counter Punch." Early
in 1958 the Regiment moved out in full strength to join other Seventh
US Army units in the giant field exercise, "Sabre Hawk", which was
the largest field exercise ever held in Europe since the war, with
120,000 soldiers taking part. One of the main purposes ofthe exercise
was to test the Seventh Army's new pentomic setup, and to give the
soldiers experience in cold weather training. This was followed in
March by the Regiments second participation in a NATO CPX, "Lion Bleu."
However, all is not work in the Regiment. Because of the central location
of the 11th Cav in Bavaria, the men have access to many of the famous
capitals of the world. Also, a few hours drive from the units home
stations are the excellent and beautiful recreation centers of Garmisch
and Berchtesgaden. There is a liberal pass policy in the Regiment
which enables the men to get into the nearby towns for an evening,
where good relationships are kept with the German people. A number
of the 11th Cav's men have found many new friends among the German
population, and the towns themselves have much to offer in the way
of entertainment and culture.
Because of these factors the Regiment has one of the highest reenlistment
rates of any unit of its own size in Seventh Army. Many of the men
remained with the unit so to be able to complete a full tour of duty
here in Bavaria.
In keeping with Seventh Army policy concerning friendly German-American
Relations, Colonel Hulse continued to stress these relations as the
secondary mission of the Regiment.
Among the various programs carried out by the 11th Cavalry, Organization
Day is one of the highlights of the years events. Open house is held
at the Regimental Headquarters in Straubing and German civilians and
military representitives flock to the Kaserne to join in the festivities.
The big event of the day is the Regimental Review, followed by athletic
contests some of which are played by both German and Americans. Displays
of American equipment are laid out for the spectators to view, and
tank rides are held for the youner children.
Another activity is the Christmas program. During the holiday season
each company in the Regiment sponsors an ophanage and invites them
out to the Kaserne for a day. The children receive gifts, a large
Christmas dinner at the company mess hall, plus a visit from Saint
Nicholas. Also during the holiday season the Service Clubs sponsor
various activities such as caroling throughout the towns, and Christmas
parties for school children and orphanages. The various Women's Clubs
on each post make visits to old folk homes and hospitals in order
to bring a little more season cheer to those who are not able to attend
the festivities at the Kasernes.
Throughout the year the 11th Cav continues to carry on its program
of assistance and good will with all the means available to it. The
83rd Army Band performs both classical and jazz concerts in many German
towns and cities. The German-American Women's Club helps to create
and improve good relations. Assistance is given in every way possible
when emergencies arise in the surrounding areas, both financially
or with the aid of military equipment. The excellent 11th Cav stage
productions and soldiers chorus perform at many German theaters and
civic halls. These are just some of the many programs in which the
Regiment tries to assist or entertain the German public, and thereby
creating an atmosphere of friendliness and cooperation between the
Regiment and the German people.
After almost two years as Commanding Officer, Colonel Hulse left the
Regiment for duties with USAREUR. On 24 May 1958 the Regiment held
a change of command ceremony in which Colonel Hulse turned over the
Regimental Colors to Colonel James W Snee, formerly Seventh Army Special
Troops Commander . It was with great regret that the men saw Colonel
Hulse leave. Under his leadership the unit had come a long way from
raw recruits at Fort Knox, Kentucky, to one of the finest comhat ready
Regiments in the Seventh Amy.
The Regiment's new Commander, Colonel James W Snee, however is well
acquainted with the 11th and other Cavalry units. He has seen duty
with the 8th and 2nd Cavalry Regiments, and commanded "F"
Troop, 11th Cavalry, in 1940. During World War II, Colonel Snee served
with the 2nd Armored Division, commanded the 714th Tank Battalion,
and later served with Special Troops of the 12th Army Group. During
the Korean War he served with the 24th Infantry Division.
The Colonel is a graduate of the United States Military Academy, the
Cavalry School, The Command and General Staff College, and the Air
War College. He has been awarded the Silver Star, The Legion of Merit
w/OLC, and the Air Medal w/OLC.
And so the history of the Regiment goes on with much yet to be written
of the future, and the new assignments as they come along. The gallant
record of the past is carried on by the new men and still newer equipment,
but always the Regiment continues to uphold the principals and beliefs
to which it is dedicated in both peace and war. |
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MISCELLANEOUS
UNIT INFORMATION
Kasernes, Border Camps & Observation Points operated
by the 11th ACR in southern Germany (1957-64): |
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DESIGNATION
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LOCATION
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COMMENTS |
| Mansfield
Kaserne |
Straubing |
home of
HQ and 1st Battalion; 83rd Army Band; 8th Ord Co; 619th Armd
Engr Co |
| Fort
Skelly |
Regensburg |
home of
3rd Battalion, 502nd Armd Med Bn |
| Pinder
Kaserne |
Landshut |
home of
2nd Battalion |
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Röhrenbach? |
operated
by |
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Weiden |
operated
by 3rd Bn |
| Roetz
Border Camp |
Roetz |
operated
by 3rd Bn |
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Cham |
operated
by |
| Regen
Border Camp |
Regen |
operated
by |
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| OP21 |
Waldmünchen |
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| (Source: Email from Jerry Frasl, M Trp, 3rd Sq 11th ACR, Regensburg) |
I just reviewed your website concerning the 11th ARC. I joined M Troop, 3rd Squadron in Ft Skelly (by the way, this was the ONLY US post with a "Fort" designation in Europe) in 1962. I was with the Troop when we were rotated to Ft. Meade, MD in 1964.
M Troop was the Tank troop for the squadron. While I was there, we used M48A2 tanks with 90mm cannons. I served as a loader, driver, gunner and occasionally as the Tank commander for M23 (since we were able to name our own tanks, this one was named "Miss Take").
The patch you show was not a part of the unit until they were involved in Vietnam. Our unit patch was the 7th Army (7 steps to hell). At one point we were given Allon patches for sewing on our shirt pockets, but they did not pass being approved by the Army Heraldy deparment and we were forced to return them (I managed to sneak one out, that I have in my trophy case to this day).
I do have some pictures of some of the personnel of M troop that I will pass in a later email. Actually, as I dug deeper into your page, I found a picture of myself as a bright shining 17 year old troop (that's me standing in the snow outside of Ft. Skelly). There is also an annual picnic for Blackhorse troopers held in Eugene Oregon during the summer. Another M trooper actually went to the one last year, unfortunately, I had to miss it. This guy and I connected just before the picnic after 42 years.. One of my favorite memories of Ft. Skelly was the painting titled "The evolution of armor" that was done on the walls just outside the orderly room in M troop.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
M Troop was the first building by the main gate.
I did look at the pic of Ft Skelly taken in 2005. The surrounding land has changed!!! In front of the main gate used to be open fields (often pasture for sheep).
Looking down on the picture, the first building was HHQ, across the street was the troop barracks. M troop first, then the 502nd Med, then L, etc. The final barracks was the Engineer barracks.
Across the parade field was the motor pool. It appears the Germans reconfigued the back portion of the facility (we always exited the Fort at the back portion (past the ammo dump).
I have a lot of fond memories of Regensburg and my time as a Cav trooper. Thank you very much for sharing these memories with me. I am attaching a picture of me outside the main gate in early 1963.
Allons...
Jerry Frasl
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| (Source: STARS
& STRIPES, May 31, 1963) |
French Troops
Join Yanks in Border Patrol
By ROB BOYER S&S Munich Bureau
PASSAU, Germany (S&S) - American Soldiers who stand watch along the
Communist border between West Germany and Czechoslovakia are receiving
assistance from France.
During the past year, French army contingents have been assigned to
work with the Americans at this lonely and tedious job on a rotating
basis.
The mission of the NATO partners: Surveillance of the Czech border.
It can be a cold and nasty assignment, especially in the dead of winter.
The present French unit is the 5th Hussards, 1st Platoon, a 48-man
outfit. The French team up with American soldiers from the 11th Armd
Cav at Camp Dennis D. Whalen
to carry out their border chores.
The French participation in border surveillance calls for the continuous
duty of a platoon-size reconnaissance unit with the Yanks. Camp Whalen,
the eastern-most outpost of freedom along the Communist border, is
situated in the rugged rolling farmland north of here.
A fenced camp of 1½ acres, Whalen is east of Berlin and east of eight
other German border camps maintained by American cavalry units that
watch the border.
Since
French units began coming to Whalen, the camp has become a boon to
French-American relations.
Americans
fully support the French, who are billeted at the camp, eat all their
meals there and enjoy the small luxuries available. Movies are shown
nightly. Once a week the movie is in French.
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The American flag and the Tricolor fly side-by-side
in front of the camp headquarters building. The flags
are raised and lowered daily in colors ceremonies.
When it comes to equipment, the French and Americans
maintain their own weapons. French equipment includes
a 76-MM self-propelled gun which operates with two drivers
and moves forward or backward with the mere flick of
a lever.
This gun knows no forward or reverse. It's all the same,
the gun turns 360 degrees, a French sergeant explained.
American weapons include personnel carriers and tanks.
Both French and Americans maintain their own ammunition
trucks and both are equipped for extensive on-the-spot
maintenance.
French soldiers on duty at Whalen seem to enjoy their
assignment.
"I haven't minded the isolation" said reserve officer
2nd Lt Bernard Baudot. "I would say this has been a
fitting climax to my active duty in the French army."
Regular officer 2nd Lt Jacques D'Achon, a new arrival
at the camp said: "I think I'm going to like Camp Whalen.
It should be an experience I won't soon forget"
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| 1972
- 19.. |
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| (Source: Welcome to the 11th ACR, Special Issue, BLACKHORSE, Jan 1988) |
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BORDER MISSION
Freedom ends at the East/West German border. Mile upon mile of fence centered in a wide, sterile strip of earth, and hundreds of slotted, ominous guard towers bring this fact home to the soldiers of the 11th ACR daily.
As guardians of this frontier, the Blackhorse Regiment is the first line of defense for the Fulda Gap, the traditional avenue of approach for many westward-bound armies throughout European history. Every moment of every day, Blackhorse soldiers are manning observation posts (OPs), providing security, and collecting vital information along the 368 kilometers of 11th ACR border responsibility.
When troopers, especially newly-arrived personnel, arrive at the border, there is an inescapable feeling that they have entered a different world. There is a dismal, oppressed air in the border region that is as much real as imagined. It is true that the weather is usually worse than at home-station cities because of the higher elevation and different terrain along most of the border area.
The initial oppression one feels is quickly replaced by an exhilarating sense of mission. One never hears the protesting question: "What are we really doing here?" There is no doubt when a soldier is staring an armed East German soldier in the face, or watching a fully-loaded Russian attack helicopter passing him. The feel of the "Iron Curtain" has instilled spirit and an urgent sense of mission leading to true career dedication in more than one young soldier.
Although the overall border mission is the same for all squadrons, each has its own facilities and methods.of accomplishing the border mission.
The First Squadron operates out of OP Alpha. The units rotate their combined arms elements through the OP every few weeks. OP Alpha has a dining facility, troop billets, and a dayroom equipped with games and a weightlifting machine.
Unlike First Squadron which uses its OP as a home station, Second Squadron operates its base out of Camp Lee and periodically mans three OPs at different locations. A fourth OP is manned on a twenty-four hour basis. Camp Lee becomes home for a troop-size element for about a month. The camp is a "mini-kaserne", complete with a motor pool, PX, billets, dining facility, and aid station.
Third Squadron's operations are much like those of First Squadron, except that they man two separate OPs at all times. Both OP Romeo and India are self-sufficient, with a dining facility, billets, and an aid station.
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Surveillance of the border is accomplished in many varied ways, including: air, foot and mounted patrols; reaction forces; radar; and annual training exercises on the actual border.
Mounted border patrols constantly cover the border "trace" using two 1/2-ton Mercedes jeeps. While on patrol, the soldiers carry weapons and ammunition, day and night vision devices, cameras, and flares for dire emergencies. This type of surveillance is complemented at times by armored OP using M-1 tanks and Bradley Fighting Vehicles.
If a patrol encounters a potentially dangerous situation, or the home station loses contact with them, a well-armed, armored reaction team can be dispatched from the OP or camp at a moment's notice. The reaction force has the ability and equipment to fight, but its mission is mainly to get the "friendlies" out of the area.
Troopers are tested on every aspect of the border mission and must pass the test before being allowed to perform any responsible mission on the border. Throughout the border tour, the soldiers are tested, evaluated, and inspected by both squadron and regiment level border operations center personnel.
At first glance, there is no doubt that the barrier fence and other border fortifications are not designed as defensive measures against a western force. The barrier is a nearly completely successful, and expensive, effort to keep the Soviet Zone in Germany from becoming completely depopulated, a situation that would have ruinous economic consequences for the Soviet Bloc.. |
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The East German fence system is one of the most formidable barriers to human movement ever constructed. The system has been constantly upgraded to prevent the escape of East German citizens. Despite these precautions, the German Border Police (BGS) reported that there were seventeen successful escapes in the 11th ACR sector during 1987.
The fence system begins anywhere from one meter to several kilometers behind the actual border, depending on the terrain.
The first defensive measure of the system begins well behind the fence. A wide area on the east side of the fence is commonly known as the "Restricted Zone", and provides East German border troops a clear view of potential escapees attempting to approach the border. The farthest eastern portion of the Restricted Zone is usually bordered by a small secondary fence.
The next element is the high speed patrol road which runs the length of the border. The next part is an anti-vehicular ditch made of pre-formed concrete slabs set at an inward angle to stop vehicles from ramming the fence.
Just after the ditch is a ten meter plowed strip that is kept smooth so that soldiers can tell if anyone has been walking near the outer fence. The next element is the three-meter-high fence which is known throughout the world as the Iron Curtain. The fence is buried deeply to discourage tunneling and is made of diamond-shaped stamped steel mesh. The holes prevent scaling by painfully pinching bare fingers and by being too small for gloved fingers. The fence in the 11th ACR sector was formerly covered by anti-personnel mines, but after a trade agreement with West Germany, the East Germans conceded to removing the mines.
The border fortifications have gone through many phases of improvement since the tangled barbed wire of the fifties. Each upgrade has stemmed the tide of migration further.
Border tours are given to inprocessing 11th ACR soldiers and persons wishing to see the border. These tours can also be arranged for groups through the Regimental Border Operations Center. |
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| Additional
11th ARMD CAV Patches - 1950s - 80s |
SSI
1950s?
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1980s
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Related Links:
Blackhorse
Association - official web site of the 11th Armored Cav Association
Grenzer.com
- An excellent web site that takes a close look at how the Interzonal
border ("Iron Curtain") dividing West Germany from East
Germany evolved over the years from a simple demarcation line to a
heavily fortified and deadly border.
2nd Squadron,
11th ACR "Eaglehorse" - Bob Stefanowicz and Randy Mitchell's excellent web site
featuring the "Eaglehorse" squadron and Daley Barracks,
Bad Kissingen (and much more!).
11th
ACR - 1957-1964 The Czech Border Years - great photos of Mansfield
Kaserne, Fort Skelly and Pinder Kaserne.
Aviation Company,
11th ACR - a web site dedicated to the soldiers of Aviation
Company, 11th Armored Cavalry, Straubing, Germany, and their families
and friends. |
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