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US
Army Transportation Terminal Command, Europe |
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| US Army Transportation Terminal Command, Europe 1968 | ||||
| 1945 - 1967 | ||||
| (Source: US Army Terminal Command, Europe Organization and Functions manual, 1968) | ||||
| Bremerhaven
Port of Embarkation History The Port of Bremerhaven is located in Land Bremen. Land Bremen, the official name of which is Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, is the political successor to the old city-state of that name. The term "Bremerhaven" (Port of Bremen) was first applied to several strips of land along the embankment of the Weser River which had been purchased by Bremen from Hannover and Prussia in 1827 for the construction of a new Bremen port. This land was situated in approximately the same location as the present Bremerhaven port area. The City of Bremerhaven, as now constituted, did not come into existence until after World War II when the former Prussian City of Wesermünde became the Bremen City of Bremerhaven. Bremerhaven was about fifty percent destroyed as a result of Allied fire bomb raids during World War II. The area on both sides of Bürgermeister-Smidt-Strasse, the main street in Bremerhaven, was almost completely destroyed. No extensive damage was done in the port area. The US Port was established by the US Army on 7 June 1945, and the 17th Major Port took over the operation of a terminal port for Europe. At that time units of the 17th were stationed throughout the entire Bremen Enclave, in such places as Farge, Nordholz, Bremen and a replacement center at Grohn, just outside of Bremen. Though northern Germany was part of the British Zone of Occupation, the British granted the use of the Enclave as a communications and supply point for the American forces in southern Germany. Then, on 14 March 1947, the Enclave was redesignated as BPOE and the Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation was born as part of an entire command change throughout Europe. The mission of the port has changed very little since 1945. In March 1947, this description of port services was given: |
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On 16 August
1955, command of all US Army ports in the United Kingdom was extended
to BPOE and consisted of Burtonwood, Cardiff, Hull, Carin Byan,
Liverpool, and Southampton, of which only the last two remained
under PEB control with Detachment Headquarters (UK Subport) in London
until 31 December 1961, at which time the UK Ports were established
as a special foreign activity under the direct jurisdiction of the
Chief of Transportation, Washington, DC. In 1957, subports
in Mannheim, Germany, and Rotterdam, The Netherlands, were activated
by BPOE for use in shipping supplies to the US Seventh Army. |
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| 1945 - 2003 | ||||
| (Source: 598th TTG History Sheet, MTMC website, 2003) 598th US Army Transportation Terminal Group |
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| Military Traffic Management Command Europe | ||||
| 1964 - 1983 | ||||
| Source: Military Traffic Management Command Europe Command History, found on the MTMC web site at http://144.100.189.52/hist/euhist.htm (dead link now) | ||||
| The Military
Traffic Management Command Europe has been operational under that
name since January 1989. Prior to this, it was known as the Military
Traffic Management Command, Transportation Terminal Command Europe.
The command was established in Bremerhaven, Germany, under the 17th Major Port on June 7, 1945. It was subsequently named Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation on March 14, 1947. On Aug. 16, 1955, the Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation assumed control of all U.S. Army ports in the United Kingdom. Subports at Mannheim, Germany, and Rotterdam, Netherlands, were activated in 1957. They were added to the Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation to support U.S. forces in the Central European theater of operations. On Dec. 31, 1961, the United Kingdom Terminal was established as a special activity of the Chief of Transportation. The Bremerhaven Port of Embarkation was redesigned as the U.S. Army Terminal Command on May 1, 1964. The jurisdiction of the newly established command was extended to the Port of Saint Nazaire, France, on July 1964. Three years later, in March 1967, the Saint Nazaire facility was deactivated due to the withdrawal of U.S. forces from France. The expanding European-wide Transportation Terminal Command was again renamed in July 1969, this time as U.S. Army Transportation Terminal Group Europe. It assumed control of all Department of Defense common-user terminal activities in Northern Europe, the United Kingdom and Portugal. In 1970, The headquarters moved from Bremerhaven to Rotterdam. On July 1, 1976, the command was transferred from the 4th Transportation Brigade, U.S. Army Europe, to the Military Traffic Management Command, Eastern Area. The name of the command became Military Traffic Management Command Transportation Terminal Group Europe. In January 1977, the command became a major subordinate command of Military Traffic Management Command headquarters, which is located in Falls Church, Va. Terminal units in the Azores, Italy, Greece, Spain and Turkey were added to Military Traffic Management command Transportation Terminal Group Europe. In January 1980, Transportation Terminal Unit Azores was transferred to MTMC Eastern Area. Military Traffic Management command Transportation Terminal Group Europe provided vital service and an important mission for projection of U.S. power into Europe. Therefore, MTMC Transportation Terminal Group Europe was redesignated in January 1981 as MTMC Transportation Terminal Command Europe. Export cargo booking and contract administration functions performed by the Military Sealift Command were transferred to MTMC in October 1981. This resulted in the formulation of the Military Export Cargo Offering and Booking Office, subsequently renamed Ocean Cargo Clearance Activity, in Bremerhaven. In June 1989, Ocean Cargo Clearance Activity was relocated to Rotterdam with offices in Naples, Italy, and London, England. In June 1982, Transportation Terminal Unit Istanbul became an outport under TTU Izmir, Turkey. On July 14, 1983, TTU Iskenderun was also added. Since July 1983, Headquarters MTMC Europe has been located in Capelle aan den IJssel, adjacent to the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. Today, MTMC Europe is a regional transportation command with staffed sites in 11 nations in the European, Mediterranean and Middle East areas. Its ports handle more than three million tons of cargo per year. The command executes MTMC's worldwide missions in the U.S. European Command and in parts of the U.S. Atlantic Command and U.S. Central Command's areas of operations. |
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| Rhine River Terminal | ||||
| 1966 | ||||
| (Source: STARS & STRIPES, May 9, 1966) | ||||
| The Rhine River Terminal is an activity of the US Army Terminal Command in Bremerhaven, Germany. The Rhine River Terminal was opened in 1956. Between 1956 and May 1966, more than 1.8 million tons of cargo have been processed at the terminal. The inland waterway route between the US docks at Rotterdam and the ports of Antwerp and Zeebrugge in Belgium and the Rhine River Terminal at Mannheim is 750 miles and takes from 5 to 7 days by barge. There are 22 sites along the Rhine River were US military cargo can be off-loaded. Bingen is one of them, there are three cranes there for that operation. Usually there are eight to ten barges being off-loaded on a daily basis. Another site is Karlsruhe where ammunition arriving at Zeebrugge is off-loaded. Terminal Chief is a Major. (Webmaster Note: another S&S article in 1968 mentioned that the Terminal consisted of 28 different sites in the Mannheim-Ludwigshaven area. In addition, there were two other main ports (Germersheim and Bingen) as well as four other sites along the Rhine River which the Terminal used exclusively for loading and unloading ammunition.) |
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| (Source: STARS & STRIPES, September 20, 1968) | ||||
| The Rhine River Terminal is located along the waterfront of the large inland port at Mannheim, near the junction of the Rhine and Neckar Rivers. The Terminal is responsible for shipments of cargo to military installations throughout Germany. The facility is the only inland port operated by the US Army in Germany. The unit uses contractor-operated flat-bottom river barges to move a major portion of the cargo. Most of the cargo handled by the terminal comes from the Benelux Terminal in Rotterdam. Loading and unloading of the cargo at the terminal is done by stevedores also under contract to a major Mannheim shipping company. There are 19 locations (along the Rhine River between the ports and Mannheim) with 21 cranes for loading and unloading. (One of the cranes is the 100-ton Goliath crane at Mannheim, thought to be one of the largest in Germany.) All cargo (there are four classes: general cargo; bulk foods; vehicles; ammo) coming through the Mannheim terminal is further transported to its final destination by rail or truck. The 501st Trans Co at Ruesselsheim handles most of the line-haul movements (using 12-ton trailer-trucks). |
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| (Source: 598th Trans Tribune, December, 2007) | ||||
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