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Medical Division
Headquarters, US Army, Europe

Looking for more information from military/civilian personnel assigned to or associated with the U.S. Army in Germany from 1945 to 1989. If you have any stories or thoughts on the subject, please contact me.


Early Occupation Period

USAREUR Medical Division


4th Med Lab

10th Med Lab

Hospital Trains

Hospital Ships

Air Evacuation to US

Air Ambulance Units

Related Links



Croix Chapeau Med. Depot

Fontainebleau Medical Depot

Fuerth Medical Depot

La Roche-sur-Yon Depot

Rhine Medical Depot

Vitry-le-Francois Depot

 
USAREUR Medical Division

Organization of the Medical Division, European Command, 1950
1950
(Source: EUCOM Medical Bulletin, Sept 1950)
Organization and Functions of the Medical Division

by Capt. Robert G. Valentine, MSG, and Lt. Fred W. Kelly, MSC

The chart above reflects the current organization of Medical Division, Headquarters, EUCOM as of 1 July 1950. This article outlines the functions performed by the various branches and sections of the Medical Division.

It is believed that familiarity with the organizational chart and the statement of functions may save time in avoiding misdirected inquiries, and should be of particular value to newly assigned officers who have not yet become fully familiar with the organization of the division.

1. CHIEF SURGEON
As the senior medical technical staff advisor, the Chief Surgeon plans, formulates and recommends policies concerning physical and mental health of personnel of the European Command, to include medical and sanitary policies and procedures; policies for the health of the army, care of the sick and wounded, hospitalization and evacuation, and the reconditioning of military personnel; and the inspection of food of animal origin; develops plans for the conservation of manpower through the prevention of disease and injury, including the pursuance of research and development in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of diseases, wounds, and injuries; formulates policies, plans and programs for the procurement of medical equipment and supplies required by the European Command; determines procurement policies and procedures; plans future requirements, and supervises storage, distribution and maintenance of medical supplies and equipment; exercises technical staff supervision over medical installations of this command to assure maximum efficiency and economy in utilization of the medical means available; and exercises certain command responsibilities as a major commander subordinate to Headquarters, USAREUR.

2, DEPUTY CHIEF SURGEON
Acts for and in the absence of the Chief Surgeon; formulates and supervises medical technical and/or operational activities; coordinates and reviews all plans requiring general or special staff action; and reviews and approves all directives initiated by the Medical Division.

3. DENTAL SURGEON
Prepares plans and policies for, and supervises the administration of the Dental Service of the European Command, including plans with respect to personnel, equipment, supplies and the professional procedures involved in dental treatment; makes recommendations on matters relating to the dental health of this command.

4, PERSONNEL AND ADMINISTRATION BRANCH
Prepares plans and policies for, and supervises the administration for the Medical Division and units under command of the Chief Surgeon,

Administration Section
Reviews all correspondence for correct form and compliance with current regulations and directives, and handles administrative details for the Chief Surgeon and his deputy; processes and distributes all incoming and outgoing correspondence, and distributes all incoming and outgoing correspondence, publications, and directives; and maintains master files for the division.

Office Services Section
Supervises matters pertaining to unit supply and transportation activities for the Medical Division; requisitions and maintains files on publications and stencils; obtains orders, passes, and clearance for personnel assigned to the Medical Division; consolidates certain reports from units under the command of the Chief Surgeon.

Personnel Section
Administers matters pertaining to civilian and military personnel of units under command of' the Chief Surgeon; prepares, reviews, consolidates, and takes necessary action on correspondence, reports, and requisitions relating to personnel; makes assignment readjustments for personnel; initiates and publishes directives regarding military and civilian personnel matters to and for units under command of the Chief Surgeon.

5. COMPTROLLER BRANCH
Formulates, coordinates, and supervises matters concerning budget and fiscal and management activities as pertain to the division; advises the Chief Surgeon on the development of fiscal policies and provides information on the current status of funds, efficiency of Comptroller personnel, and general effectiveness of the financial program.

Budget and Fiscal Section
Plans and develops the preparation, consolidation, and submission of Medical Department budget requirements for the European Command; operates fiscal station for funds administered directly by the Medical Division; and maintains records pertaining to status of all medical appropriated and German funds; audits and processes for settlement all bills involving medical, dental, or veterinary services obtained by authorized personnel from civilian agencies; audits and processes all vouchers evidencing assistance rendered by the Medical Department on reimbursable basis to allied governments, federal agencies, IRO, and certain civilian agencies.

Management Section
Plans, develops, and administers the total management program for the Chief Surgeon; effects management surveys concerning personnel utilization within the Medical Division and units under command of the Chief Surgeon; develops and coordinates procedures for collection of cost accounting data at commanded installations and by use of such data analyzes performance and recommends corrective action; administers other phases of management program for efficient and economical operation of units under command of the Chief Surgeon.

6. MEDICAL SUPPLY BRANCH
Determines amounts required, obtains, and stores adequate medical supplies and equipment necessary for the planned troop strength and medical program of the European Command.

Administration and Depot Operation Section
Exercises administrative supervision over depot operations procedures and the storage of supplies and equipment, including the maintenance of records, shortage lists, requisitioning of shortages, and the ear-marking of biologicals, etc,; exercises administrative supervision over the issuance of T/O&E items of medical equipment and the rendering of assistance to medical units in obtaining T/O&E items from other technical services.

Requirements and Control Section
Determines medical supply and equipment requirements for the European Command, determines excess and surplus property, determines supply control procedures pertaining to medical supplies in the European Command; maintains requirement cards and prepares stock replenishment requisitions for transmittal to the ZI.

Purchasing and Contracting Section
Establishes policies and formulates directives governing medical procurement procedures in the European Command; accomplishes procurement of medical supplies and equipment in the European Command required to fulfill the needs of the army and associated agencies; prepares and approves contracts for repair and maintenance of technical medical equipment and other contractual services as required.

7. PLANS AND OPERATIONS BRANCH
Establishes basic policies and plans for medical organization, operations, and training; determines requirements of personnel and equipment for menicel units; formulates policies pertaining to administration of hospitals and dispensaries; and determines policies for hospitalization and evacuation of patients.

Operations and Plans Section
Formulates and promulgates policy regarding Medical Department operations in the European Command; initiates plans for personnel, facilities, and equipment required for the operation of the Medical Services in this command under all conditions; plans the activation and deactivation of medical units; and makes a continuous study and prepares estimates of tactical and strategic situations as they affect the Medical Service of the European Command.

Organization and Training Section
Supervises and coordinates activities pertaining to organization and training of medical units of the European Command; makes recommendations on priority of assignment of units, personnel end equipment; and exercises staff supervision over the operation of the USAREUR Medical Training School.

Hospitalization and Evacuation Section
Assists in the formulation of policies pertaining to the administration of hospitals and dispensaries; regulates the flow of patients, evacuated within the command and to the ZI; prepares certain periodic reports as required by Department of the Army and Headquarters, European Command; prepares directives for publication governing hospitalization and evacuation; reviews plans for construction of medical facilities; and maintains the Central Hospital Fund,

Historical Section
Promotes public relations for the Medical Division through news releases to press, radio, magazines, and pictorial media; edits the EUCOM Medical Bulletin; compiles historical reports; and serves in an advisory capacity on public relation and historical matters to subordinate units,

8. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE BRANCH
Formulates a comprehensive preventive medicine program; directs special investigations of unusual incidence of communicable diseases and adverse environmental conditions; maintains liaison with Chief, Public Health Service, HICOG, and other health agencies in controlling diseases; makes recommendations regarding nutritional adequacy of rations; and compiles certain statistical data relative to incidence of disease, injury, etc,

Communicable Disease Control Section
Makes recommendations to the Chief Surgeon regarding control measures for epidemics and unusual outbreaks of disease, and formulates a comprehensive program for control of communicable diseases.

Environmental Sanitation Section
Makes recommendations regarding water supply, waste disposal, housing standards, and insect and rodent control; and directs surveys of military environmental health and sanitation.

Medical Statistics Section
Receives, consolidates, and processes weekly statistical health reports, and processes monthly sick and wounded reports; maintains tables and charts of morbidity and mortality rates relative to military personnel in the European Command; prepares routine and special reports to SGO and other agencies requiring medical statistical data; and prepares special studies and analyses pertaining to health of the command for the Surgeon General.

9. PROFESSIONAL SERVICES BRANCH
Is responsible for supervision of professional medical care of all military personnel, dependents, DA and allied civilians in the European Command; initiates and/or reviews directives on professional subjects for publication; furnishes either personal or telephonic consultation on individual patients, professional policies, or current status of professional knowledge; reviews and evaluates qualifications of medical officers with MOS in professional category, advises regarding their assignment, transfer, and professional rating; and maintains professional medical library.

Medical Consultant
Is responsible for that total branch function which concerns matters in the broad fields of internal medicine and neuropsychiatry.

Surgical Consultant
Is responsible for that total branch function which concerns matters in the broad general fields of surgery, physical medicine and radiology.

10, NURSING BRANCH
Directs and supervises activities of the nursing service in the European Command; formulates and recommends to the Chief Surgeon standards relative to the nursing service; is responsible for assignment and transfer of all ANC personnel in the European Command,

11. VETERINARY BRANCH
Formulates plans and policies for the veterinary service of the European Command; makes recommendations concerning the assignment of veterinary personnel; inspects veterinary installations and makes recommendations and suggestions concerning veterinary care; coordinates procurement inspections of food purchases by Chief QM, EES, and special messes, including sanitary inspections of sources of supply.


 
1957
Source: USAREUR Medical Bulletin, May 1968)
Medical Service Areas
Of particular interest is the reorganization of medical care in Germany under a new concept developed in the mid-50's. This is the Hospital Center-Medical Service Area organizational structure, an integrated system of health care implemented by the US Army Hospital Center, Germany, in 1957. The objective was more efficient utilization of medical resources. Using that most basic of managerial tenets - coequal responsibility and authority - the medical commander was given an overall job, to maintain the health of a geographical command, and control of the resources to do it.

Central to the new organization was the satellization of the fixed dispensaries on existing field and station hospitals. Previously, the small medical units, staffed in most cases by young doctors with little or no military experience, too often had no experienced personnel to turn to for guidance. Under the new set-up, the small units were supervised by the experienced senior medical officers and their administrative staffs assigned to the major medical units (hospitals).


 
1970
(Source: USAREUR Medical Bulletin, June 1970)
In USAREUR, there are about 115 dispensaries, 75 being on the USAREUR side and 40 on the Seventh Army side.

1971
(Source: USAREUR Medical Bulletin, January 1971)
The term dispensary has been a part of the Army as long as the Army Medical Corps has been in existence. But a change has taken place, and the term will no longer be used to define fixed ambulatory medical treatment facilities. Instead, the terms Troop Medical Clinic, Health Clinic, and Civilian Employees Health Clinic will be used. The Department of the Army and The Surgeon General, in an attempt to better define the various duties of what were previously known as dispensaries, initiated the change on December 1.

The change, worldwide for all Army dispensaries, will effect only fixed ambulatory medical treatment facilities and activities. Those operated by individual units will continue to be known as dispensaries. The change will effect 78 individual clinics that fall under the United States Army Medical Command, Europe.

The Troop Medical Clinic is defined as a medical treatment activity designed to accomplish sick call, and limited services including medical examinations, physical profiling and pharmacy dispensing. The former US Army Dispensary, Heidelberg, located at Patton Barracks, is now known as the US Army Medical Clinic, Heidelberg.

The Health Clinic is a medical treatment activity equipped and staffed to provide ambulatory health services to eligible beneficiaries, to include active duty and retired military personnel and their dependents as well as dependents of deceased military personnel. Besides general radiology, laboratory, and pharmacy capabilities, it offers specialty medical care in one or more of the sub-specialties of medicine and dentistry. It may be equipped to handle a limited number of patients awaiting transfer to a hospital, and provide care (normally not to exceed 72 hours) for cases which cannot be handled on an outpatient status, but do not require hospitalization. The former US Army Dispensary, Mannheim, in Benjamin Franklin Village, is now called the US Army Health Clinic, Mannheim.

The Civilian Employees Health Clinic promotes the health and fitness of civilian employees of the Federal Government. Its scope includes on-the-job illness or injury and dental conditions requiring emergency treatment.


 
(Source: USAREUR Medical Bulletin, February 1971)
All USAMEDCOMEUR assigned hospitals are currently updating their TOE to the ''G" Series.

 
1972
(Source: STARS & STRIPES, March 21, 1972)
Medical Department Activities
The U.S. Army Medical Comd-Europe's 14 medical service areas will be redesignated as medical department activities (MEDDAC) effective April 1.

Except for general hospitals, U.S. Army hospitals in the United States and their affiliated health clinics, troop medical clinics, dental clinics and veterinary services have been under the MEDDAC concept since 1967.


 
Fontainebleau Medical Depot

Main gate of Caserne Lariboisiere, Fontainebleau, 1960s (Earl Carter)
1953
(Source: STARS & STRIPES, June 27, 1953)
The Fontainebleau Medical Depot is located at Caserne Lariboisiere in Fontainebleau, France. CO of the depot is Lt Col Roy E. Brooks.

Since it opened in June 1950, the depot has served as the only reserve medical depot in Europe until the new medical depot at La Roche-sur-Yon in Western France was opened two months ago. (As a "reserve" depot, the operation was strictly a static receive and store activity with no further issuing of supplies to units.) The Fontainebleau depot has been part of the Communications Zone since December 1952, before that it was under the European Command headquarters.

The depot is operated by the 33rd Medical Depot which will begin issuing medical supplies and equipment for Army and Air Force installations starting on July 1. With the opening in July, Com Z units will no longer depend upon the Rhine Medical Depot (Einsiedlerhof, Germany) for their supplies. With the new issue mission, the 33rd will supply 12 Army and Air Force accounts, which in turn will supply several satellite units. Included in the accounts are the general hospitals at Orleans (34th GH) and La Rochelle (28th GH).

The 503rd Medical Det (one of the subordinate units of the depot) manufactures glasses for all Com Z personnel. With the new mission it will also provide optical supplies for Canadian air bases in France as well as US installations.

The depot also operates a mobile refrigerator van which transports vaccines to stations throughout France.

 
4th Medical Laboratory (Field)
1953
(Source: Email from James E. Sullivan, 4th Med Lab, 1953-1956)
I was stationed in Germany from late 1953 to 1956.  I was with the Blood Bank of the 4th Med Lab (later the 10th?) at Landstuhl for 2-1/2 years and was on six months TDY as Lab Officer at the USAH in Bad Kreuznach. 
 
My active service was for 7-1/2 years and I remained in the Active Reserve for the next 14 years, and my civilian occupation was in Hospital Administration.
 
I still remember many of the enlisted and officer personnel from that time and would be happy to recount a few of the events of that period.

I'm attaching an Organization Chart to supplement the narrative; at least I can't get too long winded on it.  I apologize for omissions of personnel and errors of the Org Chart. 

4th Med Lab Org, 1955
 
Thumbnail personal history:  Enlisted Lab Tech, BAMC, 1951-mid 53, Commissioned in Med Svc Corps as Clinical Laboratory Officer 1953-57.  Active Army Reserve 1958-74, retired as LTC.  Civilian career from 1957-1985 was in Hospital Administration.  Was recalled to Active Duty from Jan 1991 to Mar 1991 for duty at Ft. Sam Houston, TX during Desert Storm.
 
My arrival at the 4th Med Lab was on Christmas Eve of 1953.  When I got off the train at Landstuhl I saw an Air Force Second Lieutenant standing around with his bags, and a few minutes later a staff car arrived from the Air Base to pick him up.  I knew by instinct I'd better take a cab up the hill to the Medical Center, which I did, and naturally the Lab Sgt. Major (Jim Roddy) had no idea I was coming, naturally.    He directed me to the proper sign-in places and the BOQ office, and said I could have chow at the Hospital Mess Hall.  I just made it before they closed the doors, and was surprised to see a USO troupe performing in a large space near the kitchen.  It was Slapsy Maxi Rosenbloom doing his thing and was really interesting.  You may be too young to remember this fellow but I think he was an ex-prizefighter (from the 40s I think) turned performer.   
The then designated 4th Medical Laboratory (Field) was commanded by COL Albert Richmond, who was succeeded by COL ___ Ernst who was in post when I rotated to CONUS in 1956.  COL Richmond had retired and became Chief of Pathology at the Nix Hospital here in San Antonio and worked there for many years.  He passed away ten or twelve years ago, though I may be in error here. 

The mission of the 4th was to furnish Pathology Services to USAREUR Hospitals of all services that were beyond local capability.  Blood Bank Services was for all service hospitals in the Western Area Command (WACOM), which was roughly between Pirmasens in the south, Baumholder in the north, and east to the Rhine River and west to the SAAR border.  In the event of hostilities, the 4th was capable of simply packing up stored equipment and after augmentation of appropriate vehicles from the Post Motor Pool, displace to wherever assigned.  There were small scale practice mobilization exercises during my tenure there and I have to say they were well organized and would tend to surprise the combat commanders that absorbed our technical people with our professionalism and motivation.  Often we would hear comments such as "you mean you can really do Lab Tests and Blood Banking here in the field?"  We were happy to give tours showing our capabilities were "good to go" as the saying is now.
 
The monthly "alerts" in USAREUR were separate from the more comprehensive practice mobilization efforts of various units in the command.  With respect to the 4th Med Lab, the only division that packed up fully were the Blood Bank Detachments.  We had field type refrigerators that were trundled down some stairs to waiting trucks, and various chemicals and testing material were packed in insulated containers, and were driven up to the alert assembly area behind the main lab building.  The other sections of the 4th were represented by trucks that would have been used in event of actual mobilization.  It just wasn't feasible to pack up the whole chemistry or bacteriology or other component units and then unpack in an hour or two.  The risk of losing or damaging specimens was too great for a morning exercise.   
 
The Adjutant was CWO J.D. Hamil who was succeeded by CPT ____Thomas, MSC.    The Enlisted Detachment Commander was CPT Harry Bolter.  The 4th Med Executive Officer was a COL _____ Kuhn .  He was also Chief of Bacteriology (now Microbiology); his assistant was 1LT Ken Borchardt.  The Chief of Biochemistry was LTC Bob Krivulka, MSC; 1LT Wm. J. Campbell, MSC, Staff Biochemist. 1LT Evan Thomas, MSC, Bacteriology. The Chief of Serology (including Blood Bank) was LTC Frank W. Chorpenning, who retired to a professorship at Ohio State University.  He was succeeded by LTC Charles Dunne, MSC.  The staff officers at the Blood Bank were 1LT John W. Moose, MSC, 1LT George B. Edmonson, MSC, and yours truly.  (Side Note:  LT Moose married LTC Dunne's secretary, Frauline Hildegarde Gobel and they lived happily ever after.)  The Blood Bank NCOIC was MSG____ Crenshaw.  WO2 Frank Bremmerman was Blood Bank Admin. Officer and was the unofficial Blood Bank Supply Officer.  SSG John Lancaster was Chief of the Bleeding Team techs, an a SSG ___Longo was the Blood Bank Lab NCOIC.  The Blood Bank organization consisted of four then designated 8-500 TOE units, namely:
26th Med. Det (Blood Bank Bleeding),
27th Med. Det (Blood Bank Bleeding),
518th Med Ded (Blood Bank Bleeding) and the
569th Med Det (Blood Bank Lab). 

Shorthand for these units were BBB and BBL.  The BBBs had 8-10 enlisted positions authorized plus the CO.  If I recall correctly, in the event of mobilization for field duty, the Chief of Serology would remain on the Commander's staff for guidance in his area.  The mobilized BBB and BBL units would be controlled operationally by the senior Medical Officer of the field units to which they would be attached.  
 
A LTC____ Fodor was Chief of Virology, and his assistant was LTC Conan Millstein.  The next ranking MC Officer was Chief Pathologist MAJ William Williams from Annapolis, Md.  He had a MAJ____ Pontius as his assistant, and a German Pathologist named Dr. Fett as second assistant.  The Chief of Parasitology was 1LT Norman E. Wilkes who also doubled as Chief of Training. The Chief of Toxicology was LTC Glen Madera, MSC.  I have forgotten the name of the Warrant Officer who was Chief of the 4th Med Supply and Services.

Chief of Veterinary Services was Major  E. Wayne Grogan, VC.
CAPT Robert Angel, MSC, Staff Biochemist. Capt. _____Walsh, MSC, Safety Officer. C APT______ Detwiler, MSC, Ass't. Safety Officer.

I almost forgot to remember one of the more interesting Section Chiefs at the 4th, one LTC F.W. Whittemore, MSC who was Chief of Entomology.  Besides being a premier "bug man" he was an expert planner in the area of disasters, mass casualties and he had a gift of making these subjects genuinely interesting. 

At some time in 1955 or early 1956 (memory serving) the unit was redesignated as the 10th Medical Laboratory (General) but nothing changed as far as the day to day operations went.  I think the command responsibility was changed in that they were forming Medical Centers or some such and the Lab CO would report to the Center Commander instead of directly to what was called Medical Division, USAREUR. The posts' name was changed from Landstuhl Army Medical Center (LAMC) to The 9th Hospital Center, I think.  The Center Commander when I arrived was a COL McConkie, and he was succeeded by COL Paul Hayes whose wife, LTC Katherine was Chief Nurse.  Col Hayes was succeeded by COL____St. John shortly after I left and got a star soon after.  The Post Executive Officer was a COL____ Hastings, who was the first full colonel in the MSC I ever knew. .
 
Of passing interest might be the fact that the first use of plastic bags for blood collection began by the Blood Bank in mid 1956 I believe.  Up to then, the glass vacuum bottles were used but a big disadvantage was that they had to be transported to and from the unit donating blood in heavy ice chests and the rocking and swaying motion of the vehicles they were carried in tended to damage the red blood cells during the return journey, resulting in a shelf life of only 21 days per unit at that time.  Plastic bags were soft and did not jostle around and cell damage was almost nil.  The downside was that collection time was longer since blood was not "pulled" out of the veins with a vacuum bottle, but had to flow into the bag by gravity only.  It took some getting used to but was a total success and is still the standard collection vessel to date.

Let me digress somewhat from the narrative to mention something that may add a little to these recollections.  Before Gulf War II I had been in contact with the Public Affairs Officer of the Medical Center, a civilian lady.  She had put a notice in the then Retired Officer Magazine that there was going to be a celebration of the Center's 50th anniversary and she asked for input from people who had been stationed there through the years.  I sent her a couple of e-mails that astounded her as the information went beyond my particular unit, and she and I had quite an exchange of e-mails about the planned doings, and my wife and I actually planned on attending since we were planning a Space-A trip to Germany around that time.  Then came the war, and that was the end of that.  I'm thinking that the PAO at the Hq still may have archived our correspondence and perhaps you can check.  I lost my copies when I got a new computer three years ago and the nerd I hired to save my files lost all my e-mail storage.  A pity.

 
10th Medical Laboratory
1958
(Source: Email from James W. Legg, 10th Med Lab, 1958-1960)
I was stationed w/ the 10th Med. Lab. from Dec. 1958 to Oct. 1960.  I worked in the Chemistry - subsection Toxicology.  At that time the Lab. CO was Col. Steer and when I arrived Capt. Trahan was OIC for Chem. and Tox was under Lt. Smith.  Later Lt. Smith DEROSed & Lt. Crook replaced him. 

When I arrived, the 4th Med. Lab. (Field) was a 7th Army Unit and the 10th was a COMZ unit.  It was my understanding that the 10th was a forward unit from France.  Later we both became USAREUR Med Lab. & wore the USAREUR patch.  When I was there our tox. case load ran about 365/yr.  I was back about 20 yr. later and they were doing about 1200/yr.
 
Maj. Camp was over the Blood Bank.  I ran into a Capt. Arnoldon - who was an enlisted man at the time and worked in Vet. Section Chem. - in Seoul.  He had become a Blood Bank officer and had served w/ Col. (or LTC) Camp at Ft. Knox.
 
I had seen an article about a dentist puting a false tooth in a guard dog.  This was in one of the free newspapers you get in Germany.  The dentist was LTC Hans Berg who had worked as an EM in the chem. sect. with me.
 
On my transport on the USS Randall was SSG Philip Belmont.  He was also assigned to the med. lab. in Micro.  I had previously known him at Ft. Sam Houston as a Maj.  He had been RIF'ed due age to retirement. At that time RIF'ed officers could opt to remain as an NCO until they completed their 20 yr.
 
I have been in contact with a few of the other EM that I served with in the past few years.

Related Links:
CHAPTER XI: Redeployment and Occupation - Official historical manuscript that describes in some detail the U.S. Army medical supply system as it existed during World War II. Chapter XI covers the early Occupation period in Europe.